Security is the most indispensable and permanent need of human beings. In the course of history, governments have created various systems and institutions for satisfying this fundamental need. In fact, security has two major dimensions: objective dimension which shows the condition of domestic, regional, and international systems and subjective one which is sense of security. In the present paper, it is discussed that security and sense have direct relations with order and discipline. Security 3D model is another issue which is addressed.Statistical population of the research consisted of 1420 citizens of Lorestan province. Statistical analysis showed that life security, personal economy security, public economy security, and societal sense of security are the most important ones.

Introduction: This study seeks to valuate the sense of security which is a matter of subjective nature and interrelated to a multitude of economic, social, political, cultural elements that make it complex in nature. As security becomes more commonplace, citizens will incur fewer costs, which may include less moral, financial, and moral losses, depending on the type of crime (Brown, 2004, 340). Also, community members do not have to spend a lot of time in the police and the courts for their lost rights. These conditions make people feel more secure and their utility increases (Becker, 1974, p. 1, 2). On the other hand, fewer feelings will reduce the person's desirability and the individual is willing to pay for it. In a simpler form, sense of security is valuable as a result of maintaining security for individuals, and this value is mentally evaluated and there is no market for it (Mayhew, 2003, p. 12). The lack of a market for security does not reveal consumer preferences in the market. Therefore, valuing it is important and depends on many factors. Material and Method In order to understand the issue of valuing, the sense of security and its importance should be emphasized on the role of economic value in the sense of security in policy decisions. The economic value of the sense of security provides the possibility of comparing cities from the perspective of its demanders; providing a cost-benefit analysis for public projects with positive and negative security implications through the internalization of these effects; the performance of organizations Security and justice in securing security and targeting the allocation of credits to these organizations based on their performance. Also, the sense of security of citizens represents an appropriate environment for development and a green light for managing capital to that city. So, it can be said that valuing sense of security can be used as a powerful tool in social policy and optimal community management. The figure obtained might somewhat reflect the economic value of establishment of security by police as well. Of all the factors that may affect sense of security, the trio of financial, life and moral securities were selected and their effects were investigated using choice modeling technique. The required data were collected from Dezfoul city in the late 1394 and fed into the STATA12 software package. Discussion of Results and Conclusions Once the logit model has been estimated using random parameters, citizens of the Dezfoul city’ s marginal willingness to pay for the financial, life and moral securities were estimated to be 13794, 12889 and 24597 respectively. As shown, the numbers obtained for the willingness to pay people to establish security are significant. This indicates the value of a sense of security among the residents of Dezful and, in due course, shows their cooperation with any plans and policies that improve the security situation in the city. Therefore, planners and policymakers can be sure that any program that will be implemented to enhance the quality of the security components will be in the public domain and will increase citizens' satisfaction. The willingness to pay was highest for the moral security and the lowest for the financial security. This conclusion shows that citizens are most sensitive to improving moral or honor security. In other words, citizens are best placed to secure honor. Therefore, it is advisable to pay more attention to this issue in future programs of the police and the judiciary. Also, if the penalties imposed by the judiciary are more stringent for moral crimes, there will be more social satisfaction. The numbers obtained for the willingness to pay individuals highlight the high value of serving security by the police and other security institutions, such as the judiciary. Therefore, the results of this study can be used to allocate funds and the budget of these institutions is oriented towards efficiency. This means that the results of this study can be used as a benchmark for allocating funds for security-related devices based on their performance. One of today's country's needs is economic evaluation and cost-benefit analysis before implementing public policies and programs. Many of the schemes have external effects related to the security category, which are not included in the evaluation of projects and programs due to the lack of economic value and essentially the quality of the security category. The results of this study provide the basic and necessary information for policy makers and planners for such analyzes, which means that the numbers obtained from this study can be included in the assessment of security-related initiatives as revenue or cost and internalize the external effects associated with security. Every year, law enforcement and judiciary performance is assessed based on the frequency of crime, arrests and cases investigated in the judiciary, while the best reference for analyzing the performance of these two institutions is their demand for services, namely, people. The numbers obtained from this study could provide new literature on security system reports, to assess their performance based on willingness to pay for service providers. If the study is also conducted for other cities in the province, the numbers obtained from this study can be used to compare cities, and to rank them as clean, semi-clean and non-sensitive. This rating can be used to raise awareness about the security situation in the city of Dezful and affect the price of housing and capital management to the city.

Background and purpose Research shows that women have less sense of social security than other groups in society. The aim of this study was to investigate the sense of security of women in Mashhad.Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and cross-sectional survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of women aged 15-60 years living in Mashhad in 1398 with a population of 825,000 and a sample of 520 people according to the Cochran's formula were interviewed by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using valid researcher-made questionnaires (expert confirmation) and reliability of security, police attitude and lived experience with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83, 0.72 and 0.87, respectively. Regression analysis and correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data.Findings and results showed that the feeling of security among women was above average, their mental interpretation of police performance in the field of security was above average and the experience of insecurity among them was below average. The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that the variables of insecurity experience (beta 0.91), income level (beta 0.40), mother's education level (beta 0.37) and subjective interpretation of police performance (beta 0.36), Sequences had the greatest impact on the sense of security and together account for 82% of the changes in the sense of security. These results could help the police try to improve their sense of security.

Security is the sense of relief and confidence from no violation to life, property and other human rights. Social disorganization in cities has increased exponentially due to population growth, rapid expansion of urbanization and social, economic, political and cultural changes arising from it. The aim of this study is analysis of the resident› s security sense in Hashtgerd New Town to safety evaluation and awareness of policy makers and decision-makers from this issue. Research method is analytical and applied. Sample size has been calculated through Cochran formula and it is estimated 567 people. In this study, sampling method was cluster random. The data collection tool has been done through a questionnaire. The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between two variable gender and sense of security. So that women than men are lower sense of security in Hashtgerd New Town. There are Significant differences between age groups and a sense of security and the level of family income and feel secure in Hashtgerd New Town. Thus, sense of security is lower in neighborhoods with low economic and social status as well as vulnerable groups such as women and children in Hashtgerd.

Sense of security is one of the most important components of quality of life in cities and social damages are among the most important insecurity outcomes. Nowadays, with the popularity of social insecurities in cities, the issue of social security and related factors on it, is necessary. This study aimed to investigate the sense of social security and its related factors in 1391. In this study, sense of social security has been considered from three dimensions of: sense of physical, financial and moral securities. Theoretical framework of the study drawn from views of the three Copenhagen school scholars namely Barry Buzan, Al weaver and Bayren Molar. The research method was survey and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The population was all students of Islamic Azad University of Bukan, and the sample size was calculated through Cochran formula and 242 students were selected. The sampling method was stratified random sampling and the SPSS was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that, the sense of security among students is moderate. Among three dimensions of sense of social security the physical, financial and moral securities obtained the highest score respectively. Also, Pearson correlation shows that, there is a direct correlation between social security and the variables like participation, order, relationship, identity and social control. The relationship between social security and gender and ethnicity is not significant.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Security is one of the most prominent aspects of a community and recognizes as the basis for the growth, development and stability of that society. Considering the importance of Sense of security on social stability and all aspects of people's lives, it is very important to consider it from a psychological point of view. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of psychological factors of sense of coherence and satisfying basic psychological needs in Sense of public security. The method of this research was descriptive of correlational. Population of this study included all citizens over 18 years of Sari among them 305 citizens were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method based on Morgan and Krejcie randomization table and completed the scales of sense of public security, sense of coherences, satisfaction of basic needs psychological. These tools were satisfactory reliability and validity. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation coeffcient and multiple regression analysis using software 21-SPSS. The fndings showed that there is a signifcant relationship between sense of coherence and satisfying basic psychological needs with sense of public security and these variables signifcantly predicted their sense of public security. According to this fndings can be said that having psychological characteristics such as sense coherence and satisfying basic psychological needs in individuals can positively affect public safety.

With the movement of societies towards modernization and the industrial world, security becomes very important and becomes one of the basic needs of human beings, so that with its decline, human peace of mind is lost and anxiety, anxiety and It slowly replaces it. Therefore, it is very important to conduct combined research to provide the essence of research on a particular topic in a systematic way. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to apply a meta-analysis strategy to analyze and combine the results of studies on women's sense of social security. For this purpose, according to the meta-analysis criteria, from 55 articles published in databases in 1390-1390, articles that have the necessary characteristics were selected and the data were analyzed by meta-analysis software (CMA). In the first step, diffusion bias and the assumption of homogeneity were examined. In the second stage, the effect size coefficient and the moderating role of ethnicity variables were evaluated. The effect size of social participation, religious affiliation, social support, social relations network, police performance, social identity, social cohesion and social trust with women's sense of social security were significant and according to Cohen's interpretive system with moderate effect. Considering ethnicity as a moderating variable, the effect of the studied variables on women's sense of social security was evaluated differently

Numerous studies have been conducted regarding women's sense of social security, however, the findings in this field are scattered, isolated, diverse, and lack interconnection. Given the importance of this issue, an effort has been made to answer the question of what sociological factors generally affect women's feelings of social security and to what extent these factors explain it, in order to summarize and align the results of the research. The research methodology is a quantitative meta-analysis using the CMA2 software. The aim of this method is to provide coherence, a systematic review, and standardization of studies conducted in a specific research field. The statistical population consists of 25 studies conducted in the 2010s, selected for meeting the statistical conditions required for the research, with the goal of combining and identifying the extent of the impact of variables. The findings of the study indicate that women's feelings of social security, as the main dependent variable, are influenced by factors such as media usage, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, social participation, poverty, and women's subordination. Each of these variables has been able to explain a portion of the changes in women's security. Keywords: women's sense of social security, Meta-Analysis, Cultural Capital, Social Participation, Poverty, And Subordination. IntroductionThe sense of social security in women, as one of the important indicators of social development and quality of life, has attracted the attention of researchers and policymakers in recent years. In Iran, despite efforts to improve social security, women still face numerous challenges in this area. The feeling of security refers to an individual's experience and perception of the security situation in their environment. This feeling can be influenced by various factors, such as past experiences, available information in society, and the level of trust in social institutions and other individuals. Despite numerous studies on sense of social security among women in Iran, the results of these studies sometimes appear contradictory and scattered. These differences may arise from variations in methodology, sampling, or different definitions of the feeling of security. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive meta-analysis of these studies could help identify common patterns, influential factors, and research gaps. Research Question(s)What sociological factors have influenced women's sense of social security? To what extent do these factors explain it? Literature ReviewThis study, as a meta-analytic research, does not follow a specific theoretical framework. Therefore, the discussions related to theoretical foundations and concepts associated with the research topic are primarily aimed at familiarizing and acquainting with the conceptual and theoretical space of the studies examined in this research. Consequently, a conceptual or theoretical framework is not relevant here. Concepts such as  sense of social security, social factors, structural conditions, gender, etc., constitute the conceptual space of the research. Initially, in order to better understand the conceptual space of social security, we will examine its distinction from other forms of security. Then, by exploring the concept of social security, the most important theoretical approaches that have been used in the studies reviewed in the meta-analysis will be introduced. MethodologyThe present study is a (quantitative) meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is the combination, integration, and unification of studies conducted in a specific field. This method is used for systematic review. There are two major families of effect sizes, d and r. In the (d) family, there are three important and relatively similar elements, namely (d) Cohen (1977), (g) Hedges (1987), and Glass delta. The statistical population of the present study is all research conducted in Iran from 2011 to 2019 on the subject of women's security, which has been registered in the scientific databases (SID), (Noormags), and (Magiran). From more than 36 identified studies on "women's sense of social security", finally 25 research documents were selected that fit the criteria of quantitative meta-analysis (correlation coefficient, sample size, significance level, research quality, research validity and reliability, survey). After initial classification, typology, and description of the studies, research variables that were repeated more than twice in the studies were entered into the CMA2 software to determine the effect size and its correlation coefficient. ConclusionThe factors identified in this study—media usage, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, social participation, poverty, and women's subordination—provide valuable insights into the complex outlook of women's sense of security in Iranian society. The conclusion of this meta-analysis indicates that women's feelings of social security in Iran are influenced by a complex interaction of factors, including the impact of media, social trust, cultural capital, social cohesion, participation, and economic vulnerability. By addressing the multidimensional factors identified in this study, a society can be approached where women feel empowered, secure, and equal in shaping their own future.